Descendants of ? RÜDENBERG
First Generation
1. RÜDENBERG was
born about 1750 in Germany.
RÜDENBERG and
his spouse had the following children:
+
2 M
ii. Moses
RÜDENBERG was born in 1786 in Rohu, Unterfranken, Bavaria, Germany
and died on 1 May 1875.
+
3 M
iii. Michael
RÜDENBERG was born about 1788.
4 M
iv. Leeser
RÜDENBERG was born about 1790 in Rohu, Unterfranken, Bavaria.
Leeser died
young without children.
5 F
v. Johanna
RÜDENBERG was born about 1793 in Rohu, Unterfranken, Bavaria.
Johanna was a deaf-mute and was conscientiously cared for by Moses and
Michael for all her long life.
Second
Generation
2. Moses RÜDENBERG
was born in 1786 in Rohu, Unterfranken, Bavaria, Germany. He died on 1
May 1875 (that would have made him 99 years old) in Vlotho, Westphalia,
Germany. Moses came to Vlotho in 1806. Rüdenbergs were from Riedenberg
in Bavaria. Moses married (1) Marianne GOLDSCHMIDT about 1811 in
Vlotho, Westphalia, Germany. Marianne was born about 1790 in Rahden,
Germany. She died about 1820 in Vlotho and was buried about 1820 in
Vlotho. Moses married 2nd Friderike KUGELMANN, daughter of ? KUGELMANN
and Eva [-?-], about 1825 in Wagenfeld, Lower Saxony, Germany. We have
an old letter from Friederike to her daughter Emma dated 1820,
Rhineland.[1]
Moses and
Marianne had the following children:
7 F
i. Betty
RÜDENBERG was born about 1812 in Vlotho, Westphalia, Germany. Betty
married Bernard Silberg in Bassum.
8 F
ii. Amalie
RÜDENBERG was born about 1814 in Vlotho, Westphalia, Germany. Amalie
“Maldchen” married Joself Sternfeld in Lemgo.
9 F
iii. Marcus
RÜDENBERG was born about 1816.
+
10 M
iv.
Henriette RÜDENBERG was born about 1818 in Vlotho, Westphalia,
Germany. Henriette “Jettchen” married Julius Menke in Gifhorn.
Moses and
Friderike had the following children:
11 F
v. Johanna
RÜDENBERG "Hannchen" was born about 1827 in Vlotho, Westphalia,
Germany. Johanna married Simson Bendix Weinberg in Dortmund.[2]
+
12 M
vi. Gustav
RÜDENBERG was born on 10 Sep 1830 and died on 8 Apr 1909.
+
13 F
vii. Pauline
RÜDENBERG was born about 1831 in Vlotho, Westphalia, Germany.
Pauline married Samuel Stern and they lived in Vlotho and Oeynhausen.
14 F
viii. Emma
RÜDENBERG was born on 3 Dec 1833 and died on 30 May 1912.
+
15 M
ix. Julie
RÜDENBERG was born about 1835 in Vlotho, Westphalia, Germany. Julie
“Julchen” married Ferdinand Menke in Gifhorn.
16
M
x. George
RÜDENBERG was born about 1837.
17 F
xi. Louis
RÜDENBERG was born about 1839 in Vlotho, Westphalia, Germany. Louis
married Therese Salmony or Talmony from Koln.
+
18 M
xii. Ida
RÜDENBERG was born about 1841 in Vlotho, Westphalia, Germany. Ida
married Julius Josephs in Bremen.
3.
Michael RÜDENBERG () was born about 1790 in Bad Bruckenau,
Germany. Michael was Moses' brother and probably came with him to Vlotho
in 1806. Michael
married (1) Henriette LILIENFELD in
Germany. Henriette was born in Diepman, Germany.[3]
Michael and
Henriette had the following children:
20 M
i. Max
RÜDENBERG was born about 1812 in Vlotho, Westphalia, Germany.
21 F
ii. Bertha
RÜDENBERG was born about 1814 in Vlotho, Westphalia, Germany.
22 M
iii. Adolph
RÜDENBERG was born about 1816 in Vlotho, Westphalia, Germany.
+
23 M
iv. Isaac
RÜDENBERG was born about 1818.
24 M
v. Hermann
RÜDENBERG was born 1820 in Vlotho, Westphalia, Germany.
25 M
vi. Ludwig
RÜDENBERG was born 1820 in Vlotho, Westphalia, Germany.
26 F
vii. Amalie
RÜDENBERG was born 1822 in Vlotho, Westphalia, Germany.
Third Generation
9.
Marcus RÜDENBERG (Moses) was born about 1816 in Vlotho,
Westphalia, Germany. Marcus married Rosa Steinberg from Mehle or
Jeannette, they had a son, Max, who had a clothing store in Vlotho and a
daughter Anna who married Ernest Blum in Montevideo, Uruguay; Gertrude
who married Manfred Blatt and they had a daughter Ellen Blatt. Anna died
Aug 1953, age 84.
12. Gustav
RÜDENBERG (Moses) was born on 10 Sep1830 in Bad Oeynhausen, Germany.
He died on 8 Apr 1909 in Hannover, Germany. They lived in Bad
Oeynhaussen. Gustav
married Rosalie ROSENBERG, daughter of Enoch ROSENBERG and Miriam
BEHREND, about 1864 in Germany. Rosalie was born on 8 Jun 1835 in
Lubbecke, Lower Saxony, Germany. She died on 11 Sep 1912 in Hannover,
Germany. Gustav was married twice.
Gustav and
Rosalie had the following children:
+
34 M
i. Max
RÜDENBERG was born about 1865 and died in 1935.
35 M
ii. Gustav
RÜDENBERG was born on 15 Feb 1868.
He was related to his parents by adoption. Gustav
married Elsbeth SALMONY, daughter of Julius Aron SALMONY of
Cologne and Paula RÜDENBERG. Elsbeth was born on 27 May 1886. In 1906
she lived in Vorher in Bad Ems near Koblenz.
+
36 M
ii. Otto
RÜDENBERG was born on 15 Aug 1872 and died in 1942.
37
F
iii. Paula
RÜDENBERG was born about 1874 in Vlotho, Westphalia. She lived in
Cologne. Paula may have been the daughter of the second wife.
14.
Emma RÜDENBERG (Moses) was born on 3 Dec 1833 in Vlotho, Westphalia,
Germany. She died on 30 May 1912 in Bielefeld and was buried in
Johanisfriedhof, Bielefeld. Emma
married Phillip HERZFELD, son of Herz Joel HERZFELD and Braune
NUSSBAUM, on 24 Sep 1859 in Westphalia. Phillip was born on 10 Feb 1829
in Steinheim, Westphalia. He died on 19 Jul 1903 in Bielefeld, and was
buried in Johanisfriedhof in Bielefeld.
(SEE HERZFELD FAMILY)
16. George
RUDENBERG8 (Moses) was born about 1837 in Vlotho,
Westphalia, Germany. George (Schorse) owned a factory of feathers and
blankets, in Vlotho. He was divorced in 1896 or 1908.
His nephew Max worked with him. George married Elsbeth
HERZFELD9, daughter of Rabbi Levi HERZFELD (1810-1884) ,
about 1880 in Braunsweig, Lower Saxony, Germany. The marriage ended in
divorce. Elsbeth was born in 1858 in Braunschweig. She died in 1946 in
Cambridge, Massachusetts. He was Landes-Rabbiner (Rabbi of the state of
Braunschweig), he wrote books about the history of the Jews and about
linguistics of the Semitic languages. After Elsbeth and George were
divorced in 1896. She did not keep her home when all the children had
married. She traveled and stayed with her children, sisters, and
brothers until she finally joined Reinhold in Cambridge.
She had a sister, Lea who married Albert Hallgarten son of Julius
of Frankfort and two other siblings.[4]
George and
Elsbeth had the following children:
+
49 M
i. Gunther
Reinhold RÜDENBERG, Dr. was born on 4 Feb 1883 and died on 24 Dec
1961.
+
50 M
ii.
Friedrich RÜDENBERG was born in 1892 and died in 1977.
51 M
iii. Werner
RÜDENBERG was born in 1882 in Hanover, Saxony, Germany. He died in
1961 in England. Werner married Anni Pinkus (1895-1990?), they had no
children. Werner went as a merchant to China at the beginning of the
20th century, he came back to Germany after World War I and wrote a
Chinese-German dictionary. Later he added more dictionaries, one
Chinese-English and wrote half of Langenscheidt's English-German (1964)
dictionary. He went back to
China 1936-8 and then to England, where he later taught German
Literature at Queen's College and another college. He had been in school
only 10 years. The Nuremberg Laws of September 1935 may have
precipitated this move. "The infamous laws forbade Jews any familial,
sexual, or professional contact between Jews and Germans. Jews were
forbidden to go to plays or movies, to use public transportation, to go
into parks, to own radios or bicycles." ("After the Darkness,
Reflections on the Holocaust" by Elie Wiesel). A Mr. Jonson helped them
quite a bit when they went to England. Anni's sister Lily Pinkus wrote a
biography.[5]
+
52 M
iv. Reinhold
Gunther RÜDENBERG Dr. was born on 4 Feb 1883 and died on 24 Dec
1961.
+
53 F
v. Stefanie
RÜDENBERG was born about 1885 and died on 6 Jul 1976.
12. Gustav RÜDENBERG
(Moses) was born about 1829 in Vlotho, Westphalia, Germany.
Gustav married
Rosalie ROSENBERG about 1864 in Germany. Rosalie was born about
1840 in Lubbecke, Lower Saxony, Germany. They lived in Bad Oeynhausen.
Gustav and
Rosalie had the following children:
54 M
i. Max RÜDENBERG was
born about 1865 in Vlotho, Westphalia, Germany. He died in 1935 in
Germany.
56 F
iii.
RÜDENBERG was born about 1874 in Vlotho, Westphalia, Germany. This
daughter lived in Cologne.
23.
Isaac RÜDENBERG (Michael) was born about 1818 in Vlotho,
Westphalia, Germany. Isaac may have been born in Bad Brukenau, Bavaria
or Hesse. Isaac
married 1st Henriette WOLFERS about 1850 in
Germany. Henriette was born in Minden, Lower Saxony, Germany.
Isaac and
Henriette had the following children:
+
57 M
i. Adolph
RÜDENBERG Dr. was born about 1852.
58 F
ii. Helene
RÜDENBERG was born about 1854 in
Germany. Helene married Bernhard Van Biema in Krefeld, later she
lived with her daughter Ilse Veiel in Basel, where she told much of the
present information to Klause Rüdenberg in 1948. Children: Hilde married
Wolfgang Wadsmuth in Dresden, divorced and emigrated to New York. Her
children Isulde married Weinberg, an eye doctor in New York, Karin
married ? Klemm an Engineer in Mannheim and later with G.E. in
Schnectady, NY. Ilse married Ernest Veiel a Doctor from Cannstatt, then
director with Hoffman LaRoche in Basel.
Her children were Maria and Christopher.
Maria who married Hellmuth Burckhard a lawyer with Huffman in
LaRoche, Motevideo, they had Antonie and Constance.
Christopher (Christel), lived in USA and Basel (1948).
59 F
iii. Emilie
RÜDENBERG was born about 1856 in
Germany. Emilie (Milli) married Paul Hellendahl from Mönchen-Gladbach.
Children: Lotte married
Alfred Weil from Stuttgart, lives in New York. Walter married Gretel?
from Wurzburg and lived in Philadelphia. Ilse was in Chicago in 1948.
Fourth
Generation
34.
Max RÜDENBERG (Gustav RÜDENBERG, Moses) was born about 1865 in
Vlotho, Westphalia, Germany. He died in 1935 in Germany. Max had a
factory making pillow and conforter fillings from chinese down in
Hanover with his uncle George. Max married Margarete (beautiful Grete)
?. There children were
Ernst who emigrated to South Africa, Eva who married ? Reinhold and had
a ceramic factory in central Germany.
Eva and her husband had a son and daughter, the daughter's name
was Claudia. The Nuremberg
Laws of September 1935 may have precipitated this move. "The infamous
laws forbade Jews any familial, sexual, or professional contact between
Jews and Germans. Jews were forbidden to go to plays or movies;
forbidden to use public transportation; forbidden to go into parks;
forbidden to own radios or bicycles." ("After the Darkness, Reflections
on the Holocaust" by
Elie Wiesel)
36.
Otto RÜDENBERG (Gustav RÜDENBERG, Moses) was born on 15 Aug 1872
in Vlotho, Westphalia, Germany. Otto died at Auschwitz concentration
camp in late 1942, Auschwitz Poland. Otto had a textile business in
Bielefeld, Westphalia, Germany. Otto married Meta Sophia WERTHEIMER
about 1918 in Bielefeld. Meta was born on 25 Sep 1882 in Bielefeld. She
died on 20 Jul 1942 in Auschwitz. Since Otto died in the Auschwitz
concentration, I am pretty sure that Meta did also. Meta was the
daughter of Edward and Hedwig (Rosenberg) Wertheimer. Edward was the son
of Markus and Fredricka (Seckel) Wertheimer. Hedwig was the daughter of
Benedict and Margaret (Homberger) Rosenberg.[6]
They had the
following children:
+
67 M
i.
Klaus
RÜDENBERG
(Otto, Gustav,
Moses) was born on 25 Aug 1920 in Bielefeld, Westphalia, Germany. Klaus
is a Chemistry and Physics professor at the University of Iowa in Ames.
Klaus was sent to Switzerland in 1938 because of the problems in
Germany. He met his wife
there. Klaus married Veronika KUTTER about 1947 in Chicago, Cook
County, Illinois. Veronika was born on 14 Jul 1922 in Beggingen,
Switzerland. Veronika's parents were Herman and Luzia (Scheller) Kuttter.
I believe Luzia was born in Basel, Switzerland.
37.
Paula RÜDENBERG (Gustav RÜDENBERG, Moses) was born in 1864.
Paula
married Julius Aron SALMONY of Cologne, son of Salomon Aron
SALMONY of Cologne and Pauline Schilo SALMONY of Cologne. Julius was
born on 9 Jun 1859. He died on 16 May 1916.
They had the
following children:
68 F
i. Elsbeth
SALMONY was born on 27 May 1886. She was living in Hannover in
1906, then Bad Ems. Elsbeth
married Gustav RÜDENBERG, son (adopted) of
Marcus RÜDENBERG and Rosa STEINBERG. Gustav was born on 15 Feb
1868.
69 F
ii. Hedwig
SALMONY, He
married FRÖHLICH.
49.
Reinhold Gunther RÜDENBERG Dr.27 (George, Moses)
was born on 4 Feb 1883 in Hanover, Saxony, Germany. He died on 24 Dec
1961 in Massachusetts. Gunther married Lily MINKOWSKI28,
daughter of Hermann MINKOWSKI (1840-1900) and Mrs. Hermann Minkowski
OPPENHEIMER, about 1919 in Germany. Lily was born on 9 Jun 1898 in
Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. She died on 5 Jun 1983 in Orlando, Orange
County, Florida and was buried in 1983 in Mt. Auburn Cemetery,
Cambridge, Mass. Lily was the daughter of Auguste (Adler) and Hermann
Minkowski (1864-1909).
Hermann was the son of Lewin (c1825-c1884) who was the son of Baruch
(c1810--?) who was the son of Isaac (1788-1851/2) son of Aaron Ben
Baruch son of Baruch Ben the son of Baruch Jakob (c1752-c1810) son of
Jacob ben Judah Loeb (c1722-c1774).[7]
Notes: Reinhold married Lily the daughter of Prof. Hermann
Minkowski, a well known mathematician. Reinhold studied for his
electrical engineering and machine design
at Technische Hochschule in Hanover, he submitted his Dr. thesis
simultaneously with the final exam for the degree of Diplom-Ingenieur.
His first academic employment was at the University of Gottengen as an
instructor in mechanical engineering.
In 1908 he started work at Siemens-Schuckertwerke in Berlin. He
was in charge of research at Siemens for about 25 years and was Chief
Electrical Engineer. In
1913 he started writing many papers and books and teaching to share his
technical experiences.
Reinhold left Germany in1936 for England to become consulting engineer
with the General Electric Co. Ltd. In 1938 he received an appointment as
Gordon McKay Professor of Electrical Engineering at Harvard in
Cambridge, Mass., USA. He and his family lived in Belmont, Mass.
He invented the electronic microscope in the early1930's.
Notes:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Notes: 3654556,
Rüdenberg, Reinhold d1961
Obituaries on
File. Two volumes. Compiled by Felice Levy. New York:
Facts on File,
1979.(ObitOF)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3654557,
Rüdenberg, Reinhold 1883-1961
Biography Index.
A cumulative index to biographical material in books and magazines.
Volume 2: August, 1949-August, 1952. New York: H.W. Wilson Co., 1953.(BioIn
2)
Biography Index.
A cumulative index to biographical material in books and magazines.
Volume 6: September, 1961-August, 1964. New York: H.W. Wilson Co.,
1965.(BioIn 6) Biography Index. A cumulative index to biographical
material in books and magazines. Volume 7: September, 1964-August, 1967.
New York: H.W. Wilson Co., 1968.(BioIn 7)
Dictionary of
Scientific Biography. Volumes I-XIV. Edited by Charles Coulston
Gillispie. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1970.(DcScB) The National
Cyclopaedia of American Biography. Volume 47. New York:James T. White &
Co., 1965. Use the Index to locate biographies.(NatCAB 47)
The Penguin
International Dictionary of Contemporary Biography from 1900 to the
Present. Second edition. By Edward Vernoff and Rima Shore. New York:
Viking Penguin, 2001. First edition published by New American Library as
[The International Dictionary of 20th Century Biography.].(PenIntDc)
Who Was Who in
America. A component volume of [Who's Who in American History.]. Volume
4, 1961-1968. Chicago: Marquis Who's Who, 1968.(WhAm 4)
1930....
Reinhold (Rüdenberg)
came (to join me in Domburg) later, with the car, after the World Power
Conference (in Sweden) was finished, so now we could make many
excursions in the pretty surroundings and also visit some of the famous
Dutch towns and historical buildings like Brgge. Domburgwas located on
the far western side of Holland towards Belgium on Theisland of
Zeebrügge. We liked it there, but also wondered about the swampy and old
canals in the neighborhood, which seemed to have rather stagnating water
and sometimes smelled moldy.
After a good
vacation the children (Hermann 2 1/2, Angelika 7,Gunther 9) went home
with Fräulein Klara (our governess) by sleeper and I traveled home (to
Berlin) with Reinhold by car, because on the way he had some stops for
Siemens. From an overnight stop about one day's drive from home we
telephoned with Fraulein Klara to find out how the children were. She
said: "Please don't worry, little Bübchen (Hermann) has been sick, and
we had Dr. Michaelis. He just saw the child and said, that everything
was fine. He just had a little grippe and tomorrow he can get up.'' This
worried me a little and we drove home as fast as we could the next
morning.
When we arrived
home in the afternoon my mother received us atthe4 gate, her face white
as a sheet, saying: "Don't get upset, it is not so bad. Bübchen has
Polio! Do not come in yourselves. We have separated he children and
Günther and Angela are in my house at the Inklerstrasse."
Bübchen is in
his usual room (in our house) and Fraulein Klara, as always next door in
her room. She had decided, since she had been exposed to the contagion
before knowing about it, she was willing to stay as his nurse.
It was decided
that I should live with my mother and the two older children, while
Reinhold was with Bübchen in our house Douglasstrasse 18. I did not go
into our house on account of the other children. However,
before I left, I was shown our sick little boy on the arm of
Fräulein Klara waving down to us from his bedroom. We also talked to
Klara to hear from her the story of the last two days:
After the doctor
had left, Bübchen was placed on the potty prior to being dressed. When
he was told to get up, he could not do it, he had no strength in his
knee, no command over one leg and foot, but also some additional
weakness in the small of his back. When Dr. Walter Michaelis returned he
diagnosed it right as polio. We discussed the best treatment with
various medical authorities, since at first we feared his life might be
endangered if the paralysis would progress. We soon realize that Bübchen
was on the road to recovery, but the fear of having him paralyzed for
life haunted us.
My uncle Oskar
Minkowski, Professor of internal medicine at Breslau, well known for his
discoveries concerning diabetes, was also ahead of his contemporaries in
understanding medical problems of other specialties. So we turned to him
for clearer concepts. He told us then, that in all probability polio was
caused by a virus, not a bacterium, so small that nobody had seen it yet
because filters were not fine enough to hold it for observation.
Moreover, the physical properties of light rays would not let the human
eye distinguish this virus because of its small dimensions. This
detailed description of the minute size of the virus particle has a few
months later incited Reinhold to invent the electron microscope, which
makes use of the physical properties of electron rays, making objects
visible of fractional dimensions never seen before.
Uncle Oskar had
also told us, that doctors thought that many cases of polio were never
diagnosed as such, because the patients seemed to have the flu without
any special after-effects. Others had light, others severe or even
deadly (fatal) paralysis as a consequence. We we real so very worried
that Günther or Angela might similarly be afflicted. Then it seemed to
us, that Angela had had some kind of a light influenza before leaving
Domburg. Could that have been a case of polio without paralysis? We
really became extremely worried: when Günther came down with a fever
without any symptoms. The suspicion, that Gunther was also stricken by
polio seemed justified since we expected the paralysis to manifest
itself only after the fever was gone. Therefore we implored the doctors
to try to take preventive measures. Very little real treatment existed,
but we found out that some kind of vaccine had been developed at the
Pasteur Institute in France, and another type in Sweden. The general
medical advice was against the French one, however they were willing to
try the Swedish one. They believed it would not arrive soon enough to
help much. I am grateful to report that after an anxious week, the (Günther's)
fever was gone without leaving any aftereffects.
Thus we were
free to plan the best we could think of to help our dear little Bübchen
Hermann. There was much difference of opinion of how best to treat
afflicted patients. The old method had been to immobilize the affected
limb often in a cast and to keep the patient in bed for a long time.
Instead we were told that it was necessary to nourish the afflicted
nerve cells and to involve them in movement as soon as possible, so
Bübchen was kept quiet in bed for only a short while to fully recover
from his fever, but then some kind of treatment began. Atfirst Bübchen
received some short treatments of his backbone, especially the nerve
(spinal) column with some sort of diathermy administered by Dr. Bucky,
the inventor of the "Grenzstrahlen". Then he was subjected to
involuntary movements of the afflicted muscles by electric
shock(treatments). The poor little kid hated all this, it could be
painful, but his father took him to Dr. Bucky trying to distract him and
make him enjoy the car ride. The dosage was difficult because of his
age.
When sufficient
time was assumed to have elapsed after the acute stage of the disease,
gradually more active treatment was started. The boy first received
expert massage by a trained nurse-- our Schwester Kate, who had been
trained by neurologists and whose work was supervised by a specialist.
Then she started exercises of the weakened or even powerless limbs.
(Much later, a similar though controversial regimen of treatments was
named the Sister Kenney method). These exercises had to be increased
very, very slowly. We were told that the child was fortunate in having
lost (only) the use of most of the quadriceps muscle of one leg. Because
this muscle is made of four parts and one part had a little life left,
it was hope that this treatment would help in the recovery of this one
section. Also along the upper thigh runs the muscle Sartorious and this
muscle, it was hoped, could be made to take over much of the work of the
destroyed quadriceps. Since the lower leg was also somewhat weakened a
distortion of the foot in the future was feared. To avoid this,
Hermannli was subjected to stretching exercises.
Schwester Käte
came almost every day, later every second day for the treatment. It
seemed very important, that as much as possible of this would be done in
a playful way, so that the child
(now just 3 years old) would not be too unhappy. We tried to find
many different effective ways, for instance stretching exercises were
very well possible when walking in winter on skis, or in his lessons,
making him hold up his legs by holding a heavy medicine ball. This ball
could also be rolled on the ground and was practice for the feet. Poor
little Hermann had the hardest time when he had to learn to walk the
first one or two steps up and down stairs and it took much out of him
till he could master a short flight of stairs.
It was in the
fall of 1930 that I gave up my classes in botany. I wanted to spend more
time with my youngster, hoping that by playing with him I could all
along make him exercise a little an help with his recovery. We saw the
progress, but most of all we wanted to make him happy, he had such a
cheerful disposition before being stricken.
We tried to find
out where Hermann could have picked up this dreaded infection and
corresponded about it with the town doctor of Domburg. He declined that
the sojourn there could have anything to do with it and suggested that
the child might have got infected on his trip home in the sleeper on the
railroad. During that year quite a few cases of infantile paralysis had
occurred in Europe, many of them with much more tragic effect. This was
an incentive for Reinhold to try to help his fellow men by furthering an
understanding of the disease. He knew from our talks with Uncle Oskar
that the reason for the lack of understanding of the disease had to be
found in the fact that the human eye could not distinguish the causing
agent in a light microscope. It was probably cause by a filterable
virus, i.e. a virus too small to be caught in existing filters. On the
basis of his knowledge of Physics Reinhold realized that an instrument
had to be built which could give a much higher magnification and
resolution which was impossible with light rays. By using electron rays
instead of light rays Reinhold expected to achieve this.
BIOGRAPHY: TO
SEE A VIRUS
During his
assistantship in Gottingen Reinhold was a close friend of many young
scientists in fields other than his own. He himself then was working for
Professor Prandl as Assistant (Instructor) in mechanical engineering
(the job which had been offered to him by his former Professor who had
moved to Gottingen). One of
Reinhold 's
friends was for instance Fritz (Hans?) Busch who already then showed
that electron beams could be directed like light rays in a lens. It was
on the basis of this electronic lens, however crude, that Reinhold
invented the electron microscope. ............(There is some confusion
here -- in Berlin Reinhold had apparently remained in contact with
Busch, and was aware of Busch's 1927work and publication on magnetic
focusing coils. Also Reinhold had taken a graduate course on
Electrodynamics under E. Wiechert in 1907 while at Gottingen, the same
Wiechert who had investigated the focusing, better called concentration
or "striction" coil in 1899)
BIOGRAPHY:
1930-31....
In those weeks
Reinhold had a pad of paper at his bed side table. When he could not
sleep because he worried about the boy, he would ponder his invention
and make drawings. As soon as Reinhold had confidence that his invention
might work Dr. Fischer of the Patent Department of Siemens was eager to
hurry the patent application. Almost simultaneously the patent was
applied for in Germany and in the United States with a priority of May
30, 1931. ............(This needs correction. Actually, the U.S. Patent
Application had to be translated and sent to New York for filing in the
U.S. Patent Office within one year thereafter, and was appropriately
filed there on May 27,1932)....................
The American
(and other foreign) patents were processed as applied for. The German
application encountered some delay and then after1933 was not (then)
granted because the inventor was not an Aryan. During the negotiations
with the Patent Office it had to be cut up into many parts, each one
much less effective than the total patent as applied for (originally).
These patents were granted after the Nazi regime in World War II,
granted when they had (almost) already expired.
Many
contemporaries have expressed doubts that Reinhold could invent this
instrument without more previous experimenting. However, this is not the
least bit amazing to me on the basis of a thorough knowledge of the
physical laws which would make the instrument workable since Reinhold
was gifted with an unusual inventive imagination, (and) since hew as
able to visualize the best way to make use of these laws as an engineer.
I have watched this course of devising an invention in a number of
(other) less important cases.
After the patent
application was formulated, I believe that some experimental work was
done at Reinhold's lab (oratory). However, these experiments were later
not pursued with the usual intensity because one of the Siemens
officials, Mr. ..., was opposed to it, since he did not expect that the
instrument would ever be of commercial value. In the years after the
application of the patent the Nazi influence was slowly growing.
Reinhold was conscious of it and it dampened his enthusiasm to try to go
ahead with such a complicated development against the wish of his
superiors. (More in our files)
We both were
convinced of the value of the invention and talked about it very much
after the application for the patent had been handed in. I remember
going on an evening walk with Reinhold as we frequently did, it was dark
and humid and the trees had lost their leaves-- it may have been end of
1931 (1930 7) or perhaps before spring of 1932 (1931?) that we discussed
possible applications of the electron microscope, especially the value
for mankind by making virus particles visible, thus bringing our fellow
men a new insight by seeing with electron rays instead of light rays. I
am familiar with light microscope work and could therefore fully
appreciate the value of higher magnifications paired with increased
resolution. 1932-33....
On the whole
these were good years. We saw that our little boy was slowly improving.
The two older children were doing well at school, our pretty garden
seemed the best environment for the children to play, especially Hermann
who had many opportunities to strengthen his leg. His sister Kate came
often to help him exercise him, but gradually less often.
BIOGRAPHY:
LEAVING GERMANY
1933....
Among ourselves
we often discussed whether we should not leave Germany with our children
and find a new home. However, at that time Reinhold having a family of 3
children did not want to leave Germany without a job in another country.
ca. 1933....
Reinhold used to
discuss these problems with Karl Friedrich von Siemens, the head of the
firm. During the first years of the Nazi regime Karl Friedrich tried to
persuade Reinhold to be patient, that it would all blow over an later
seem to be like a bad dream, that he would be able to keep Reinhold in
his present job and would protect him, as long as Reinhold would be
modest and would abstain from trips outside of Germany in his capacity
as Chief Electrical Engineer of the firm.
1935-36....
It was only
later, after the Nuremberg laws were passed, that the (Karl Friedrich)
understood Reinhold's desire to leave Germany on account of our children
and that he would help him to get away and do for him all that was in
his power.
BIOGRAPHY: Lily
Rüdenberg, written 1980-83 (insertions by HGR)
BIOGRAPHY:
ADDENDUM
1936-1938....
.......In 1936,
after the two older children were at schools outside Germany, Reinhold
left Berlin for London on a business trip on behalf of Siemens. His wife
Lily with their now 9-year-old Hermann followed a day later, to meet her
husband in Holland and proceed on to England. From London Reinhold wrote
his superiors at Siemens that he was resigning from the firm. In England
he worked at the British General Electric Company as Consulting
Engineer.
After 1938....
.......In
October 1938 the family moved to Cambridge, and then Belmont,
Massachusetts, when Reinhold received a call as Professor and Head of
the Department of Electrical Engineering at Harvard University. He
taught there until
his retirement
in 1952.
.......In 1943
(?) Reinhold Rüdenberg was notified that his US patents on the electron
microscope (then assigned to Siemens) had been confiscated by the then
Alien Property Custodian as enemy property. To obtain restitution of
title, after 1944 as a U.S. citizen, and press his claim of primary
ownership, he had to turn to the Federal Court of Massachusetts. In 1947
the Court returned judgment in his favor, ownership returned to
Rüdenberg and several manufacturers were licensed until the patents
expired in 1953-54.
.......He was
delighted when Farrand Optical Company asked him in 1945 (?) to become
their consultant and help them design an electron microscope. Newly
hired staff were aided by Rüdenberg and designed and built an
electrostatic instrument with excellent resolution. This association
also led to two publications, one on a new neutral electrostatic lens
with hyperbolic field, and a paper on the electron gun as illuminator.
Unpublished work also was concerned with the design of improved magnetic
shielding. To his regret Farrand discontinued this work in the early
1950ties after two instruments had been built, as the company's workload
of optical instruments absorbed all their resources with the beginning
of the Korean war.
So again a war
had intervened!
In 1946,
Reinhold Rüdenberg was awarded the Honor Medallion of the Stevens
Institute of Technology "For notable achievement in Electron Optics
....In 1931, Dr. Rüdenberg outlined the fundamental requirements for
both the electrostatic and electromagnetic lens electron microscope..."
During 1961 some
of his friends began collecting affidavits and background material for a
possible major prize award for his invention. This was no longer
feasible after Reinhold Rüdenberg died on December 25, 1961.
Gunther and Lily
had the following children:
+
75 M
i. Hermann
Gunther RÜDENBERG (Reinhold Gunther, George, Moses) was born on 9
Aug 1920 in Charlottenburg, Berlin, Brandenburg, Germany and was
christened in K.W.Gedachtnist, Berlin. Gunther
married Joan Marian RITCHIE on 21 Dec 1952 in Orleans, Barnstable
County, Massachusetts. Joan was born on 7 Jul 1920 in Duluth, St. Louis
County, Minnesota. They live in Beverly, Massachusetts. Joan is the
daughter of Julian and Lucile L. (Schmidt) Ritchie
+
76 F
ii.
Fanny Angelika RÜDENBERG
(Gunther Reinhold RUDENBERG, George, Moses) was born on 27 Jun 1922 in
Berlin, Germany.
Angelika married
Bob Howard and they have lived in Kansas City, Lawrence, Utah, and
Burlington, Vermont.
+
77 M
iii. Dr.
Frank Hermann RÜDENBERG (Reinhold Gunther, George, Moses,) was born
on 4 Dec 1927 in Berlin, Brandenburg, Germany. He died on 12 Mar 1994 in
Galveston, Galveston County, Texas. Hermann married Jean HOLLADAY15,16
on 28 Feb 1952 in Chicago, Cook County, Illinois. The marriage ended in
divorce. Jean was born on 10 Nov 1930 in Warsaw, Poland.
He married 2nd Mary Helen (Toombs) Ryder a music therapist 9 Jan
1979. He lived in Galveston.
Hermann was a physiologist at the University of Texas Medical
Branch.
Notes
3654550,Rüdenberg, F Hermann 1927-American Men & Women of Science. A
biographical directory of today's leaders in physical, biological, and
related sciences. 12th edition, Physical & Biological Sciences. Seven
volumes. New York: R.R. Bowker Co., 1971.(AmMWSc 12P) Who's Who in the
South and Southwest. 15th edition, 1976-1977. Wilmette, IL: Marquis
Who's Who, 1976.(WhoSSW 15) Who's Who in the South and Southwest. 16th
edition, 1978-1979. Wilmette, IL: Marquis Who's Who, 1978.(WhoSSW 16)
Who's Who in the South and Southwest. 17th edition, 1980-1981. Wilmette,
IL: Marquis Who's Who, 1980.(WhoSSW 17)
3654551
Rüdenberg, Frank Hermann 1927-
American Men &
Women of Science. A biographical directory of today's leaders in
physical, biological, and related sciences. 13th edition, Physical &
Biological Sciences. Seven volumes. New York: R.R. Bowker Co., 1976.(AmMWSc
13P) American Men & Women of Science. A biographical directory of
today's leaders in physical, biological, and related sciences. 14th
edition. Eight volumes. New York: R.R. Bowker Co., 1979.(AmMWSc 14)
American Men & Women of Science. A biographical directory of today's
leaders in physical, biological, and related sciences. 15th edition.
Seven volumes. New York: R.R. Bowker Co., 1982.(AmMWSc 15) American Men
& Women of Science. A biographical directory of today's leaders in
physical, biological, and related sciences. 16th edition. Eight volumes.
New York: R.R. Bowker Co., 1986.(AmMWSc 16)
American Men &
Women of Science. A biographical directory of today's leaders in
physical, biological,and related sciences. 17th edition. Eight volumes.
New York: R.R. Bowker Co., 1989.(AmMWSc 17) American Men & Women of
Science. A biographical directory of today's leaders in physical,
biological and related sciences. 18th edition, 1992-1993. Eight volumes.
New Providence, NJ: R.R. Bowker Co., 1992.(AmMWSc 18) American Men &
Women of Science(TM) (Bowker(R)). A biographical directory of today's
leaders in physical, biological and related sciences. 19th edition.
Eight volumes. New Providence, NJ: R.R. Bowker Co., 1994.(AmMWSc 19)
Who's Who in the South and Southwest. 23rd edition, 1993-1994. New
Providence, NJ: Marquis Who's Who, 1993.(WhoSSW 23)
50.
Friedrich RÜDENBERG (George, Moses) was born in 1892 in Hanover,
Germany. Friedrich married Johanna ROSENFELDER about 1923 in
Freiberg, Wurttemberg, Germany. Johanna was born in 1898 in Frith-Bayern
Germany. Johanna (Hansi) lives in Israel with her daughter Elisheva who
has sent me some good information on the family. Friedrich died in 1977.
He volunteered as a pilot (4 years) and finally flew in
Richthofen-Geschwasler, in World War I. He received the "Iron Cross"
(1st Class). He joined AEC in Berlin and was sent to Istanbul in 1931.
He went to Palestine with his family in 1936. They settled in Haifa and
he worked for the Palestine Electric Corporation, he was sent to buy for
that company in Germany 1954-60 after which he and his wife returned to
Haifa. He was an engineer.[8]
Notes:
http://people.sinclair.edu/thomasmartin/knights/index2.htm
Friedrich Rüdenberg was born in 1892 in Hanover. As a young man he
studied to become an electrical engineer,
and he had just
finished his courses and was preparing to take his state exams when the
war started. Rüdenberg postponed his education and volunteered for duty.
He applied to an aviation detachment and after completing the basic
training started going on reconnaissance missions. He collected valuable
data and was awarded the Iron Cross in mid-1917. Because of his
excellent record, he was selected for fighter pilot school and after his
training was assigned to Jagdstaffel 10, under Richthofen’s wing
command. Toward the end of the war he was allowed to complete his
education, and after the war he taught for several years at the
university level. He eventually was made Technical Director of the
Istanbul branch of General Electric, but in1936 he was dismissed from
his job because he was Jewish. He wisely decided not to return to
Germany but instead immigrated to Palestine.
Friedrich and
Johanna had the following children:
78 F
i. Elisheva
RÜDENBERG was born on 13 May 1924 in
Germany. Elisheva (called Elisabet after her grandmother) joined
Kibbuz Beth-Ha'arava at the northern end of the Dead Sea.
She married (Isidore) Yitzchak Lowinstein (name later changed to
Litan). The kibbuz was
abandoned in the 1948 war, they built a new kibbuz in the north:
Gesher-Ha'siv, left to Mahariya in 1958.
She was a Hebrew teacher for adults.
Her husband died in 1986.
79 F
ii. Annette
Ruth RÜDENBERG was born in 1927 in Germany. She died in 1978 in
Israel. Annette was a nurse, she married Abraham Hamburger, they both
died in a car crash.
53.
Stefanie RÜDENBERG (George, Moses) was born about 1885 in
Hanover, Saxony, Germany. She died on 6 Jul 1976. Stefanie
married Alfred WICHERT, son of Ernst Friedrich Wilhelm WICHERT
and Julie Fanny Caroline KLUMPP, on 9 Jun 1910. Alfred was born on 2 Nov
1881. He died on 22 Oct 1927. Her son Ulrich (b.1911) lived in Freiburg,
Bneisgaur, Germany. He married at the age of 79 to Heide Falke. Ulrich
was an engineer, went to technical high school in Mainz. Ulrich built
bridges in the Black Forest and plays the flute.
Stefanie's
second son Gunter (b.1913) was widowed in the early 1950's.
His daughter Ursula (1952-1990) was an epileptic, she married
Herbert Hopp and they had a son Andreas.
Gunter married Ursula's tutor and had another daughter, Christine
and he was soon divorced.
He died at the age of 78 by drowning in the Ammersee while sailing.
He learnt very much about epilepsy and was active organizing a
group for self-help for epileptics.
Gunter was an Engineer and worked for National Cash Register in
Darmstadt.
Notes: http://www.wichert.de/stammtafeln/tafel1/id407002.htm
Alfred and
Stefanie had the following children:
83 M
i. Ulrich
WICHERT was born on 9 Sep 1911 in Courbenoi ?.
Ulrich
married Heide FALK in 1989.
+
84 M
ii. Günther
WICHERT (Stefanie RÜDENBERG, George, Moses) was born on 23
May 1913 in Sevres. He died in Jun 1991. Günther
married (1) Hedwig STEIGLER in 1964 in E. Schweiz. Hedwig was
born on 15 Nov 1934, she died on 21 Feb 1997.
57.
Adolph RÜDENBERG Dr. (Isaac, Michael) was born about 1852 in
Germany. Adolf married Johanna WOLFERS from Bonn and may have had a
child named Alfred. He owned a silk factory in Krefeld. Children: a)
Sophie married Dr. Eugene Meyer and they live in Aukland, New Zealand.
b) Fritz was wounded in WWI, died in the USA. c) Berta married Maler
Zimmerman in Tals, Bavaria, divorced and emigrated to Aukland, New
Zealand and had a child named Eyke. d) Luise married Maler Moller in
Hamburg and divorced then immigrated to New York. Her daughter Ruth
married Uno an officer in Java (1948). e) Karl emigrated to USA, changed
his last name to Ruden, he married an American nurse, they have two
daughters and live in New Jersey. f) Doris married a dentist from Munide
and immigrated to Dunedin, New Zealand.
They had the
following children:
85 F
i. Sophie
RUDENBERG. Sophie
married Eugene MEYER Dr.. Eugene was born in New Zealand?
86 M
ii. Fritz
RÜDENBERG was born in Germany. He died in USA.
87 F
iii. Berta
RUDENBERG Berta
married M. ZIMMERMAN in Hamburg.
The marriage
ended in divorce.
[1] GENEALOGY: From Dr. Monika Minniger, Am Tiefen Weg 3, 4800 Bielefeld, West Phalia, Germany
[2] Ibid.
[3] GENEALOGY: Lucia Ruedenberg, New York City
[4] GENEALOGY: Elisheva Litan. 26 Nordau str., 22384 Nelanija, Israel
[5] Ibid.
[6] Information from Lucia Rüdenberg, Otto and Meta were her grandparents.
[7] BIRTH-DEATH-MARRIAGE: His son Gunther filled in the missing information in 1994
[8]
GENEALOGY:
Dr. Monika Minniger, Am Tiefen Weg 3, 4800 Bielefeld,
West Phalia, Germany